Testing for A1 and A2 beta-casein

Two complementary classes of test exist: protein-level methods that detect the variant in milk, and genetic methods that determine which alleles a cow carries.

Protein testing

Mass spectrometry, HPLC, FPLC, capillary electrophoresis and gel-based methods for detecting A1 vs A2 beta-casein in milk.

Genetic testing

CSN2 genotyping methods for determining which beta-casein alleles a cow carries.